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abstraction
layers |
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Windows
Workflow Foundation |
WF |
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Windows
Communication Foundation |
WCF |
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Windows
Presentation Foundation |
WPF |
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Windows
CardSpace |
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Common
Language Infrastructure |
CLI |
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.NET
Framework |
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I/O |
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Assembler |
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kernel |
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shell |
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Application
programming interface |
api |
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Object
Linking and Embedding |
ole |
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| |
com |
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Integrated
development environment |
ide |
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Common
Language Runtime |
clr |
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| |
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Application
binary interface |
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instruction set
architecture |
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| |
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Component
Object Model |
COM |
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WinFS |
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Windows API |
WinAPI |
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Hardware
abstraction layer |
hal |
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Portable Operating System
Interface |
POSIX |
|
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Object
Manager |
Ob |
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Windows
Registry |
|
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DirectX |
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ActiveX |
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ActiveX Data Objects |
ADO |
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Graphics
Device Interface |
GDI |
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Messaging
Application Programming Interface |
|
|
|
Dynamic-link
library |
DLL |
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Windows
PowerShell |
|
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|
Cygwin |
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|
Desktop Window
Manager |
DWM |
|
|
Inter-process
communication |
IPC |
|
|
hypervisor |
|
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|
Common
Gateway Interface |
CGI |
|
|
Winsock |
|
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|
ADO.NET Entity
Framework |
|
|
|
Active Server Pages
.NET |
ASP.NET |
|
|
ActiveX Data Objects .NET |
ADO.NET |
|
|
Language Integrated
Query |
LINQ |
|
|
File Allocation
Table |
FAT |
|
|
New Technology File System |
NTFS |
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|
Local
Security Authority Subsystem Service |
LSASS |
|
|
Client/Server Runtime Subsystem |
CSRSS |
|
|
Session Manager Subsystem |
SMSS |
|
|
Kernel
Transaction Manager |
KTM |
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