entity relationship model (1976)
B-Trees (1972)
Muller-Automat (1963)

Petri net (1962)
Chomsky hierarchy (1956)
Mealy machine (1955)
ulam's problem (1953)
NURBS (1950s)
Splines (1946)
Collatz conjecture (1937)
travelling salesman problem (1930s)
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the Church-Turing thesis was first proposed by Stephen C. Kleene (1943) but named after Alonzo Church and Alan Turing

Turing machines (1936) were described by Alan Turing
λ x. x + 1
Alonzo Church used lambda calculus (1936)
to give a negative answer to the Entscheidungsproblem
Gödel's incompleteness theorems (1931)

Entscheidungsproblem (1928)
the Ackermann function (1928) is a not primitive recursive function
Voronoi diagram (1908)
Semi-Thue system (early 20th century)
O-notation (1894)
die gaußsche formel (1768)
Cramer's rule (1750)