is a Mexican free software programmer, best known for starting the GNOME and Mono projects

is best known as a cofounder of Netscape Communications Corporation and co-author of Mosaic, the first widely-used web browser

is a Finnish software engineer best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel

is a computer programmer heavily involved in the development of the Linux kernel since its early days

was named as one of the three most influential people in the software industry by Software Development Magazine in 1998, along with Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds

formerly Chief Technology Officer at Microsoft, is co-founder of Intellectual Ventures

is an American inventor, entrepreneur, and author. He co-founded Thinking Machines Corporation, a company that developed the Connection Machine, a parallel supercomputer designed by Hillis at MI

is best known for developing the Unified Modeling Language with Ivar Jacobson and James Rumbaugh

is the founder of Lotus Development Corporation and the designer of Lotus 1-2-3, the "killer application" often credited with making the personal computer ubiquitous in the business world in the 1980s

is the CEO of Cycorp, Inc. of Austin, Texas, and has been a prominent researcher in artificial intelligence, especially machine learning (with his AM and Eurisko programs), knowledge representation, blackboard systems, and "ontological engineering" (with his Cyc program at MCC and at Cycorp)

co-founded Apple Computer, with Steve Jobs in 1976 and created the Apple I and Apple II computers in the mid-1970s

is the co-creator with Dan Bricklin of the VisiCalc spreadsheet program and the co-founder of Software Arts, the company that developed it

was one of the twelve engineers who worked on the original IBM PC, developing the computer's ROM BIOS code

is well known for his work in randomness in computing, algorithmic complexity and intractability, foundations of mathematics and computer science, algorithmic probability, theory of computation, and information theory

as head of Microsoft's application software group, oversaw the creation of Microsoft's flagship office applications

is the discoverer of several important graph algorithms, including Tarjan's off-line least common ancestors algorithm, and co-inventor of both splay trees and Fibonacci heaps

is the creator of the Tcl scripting language and is well known for his work in distributed operating systems, high-performance file systems, and user interfaces

is most celebrated for his work on public-key encryption with Len Adleman and Adi Shamir, specifically the RSA algorithm

received the Turing Award, in recognition of his fundamental contributions to the theory of computation, including the complexity-based theory of pseudorandom number generation, cryptography, and communication complexity

is best known as the author of Minix, a free Unix-like operating system for teaching purposes, and for his computer science textbooks, regarded as standard texts in the field

has contributed to the building of several major database and transaction processing systems, including the groundbreaking System R while at IBM, Terraserver, and Skyserver for Microsoft Among his more well known achievements are granular database locking, two-tier transaction commit semantics, and the data cube operator for data warehousing applications

was one of the founding members of Xerox PARC in 1970, where he worked in the Computer Science Laboratory (CSL). His now-famous vision of a personal computer was captured in the 1972 memo entitled "Why Alto?". In 1973, the Xerox Alto, with its three-button mouse and full-page-sized monitor was born, and is now considered to be the first actual personal computer

produced a popular tool to retrieve erased data from DOS disks, which was followed by several other tools which were collectively known as the Norton Utilities

is commonly referred to as one of the "founding fathers of the Internet" for his key technical and managerial role, together with Bob Kahn, in the creation of the Internet and the TCP/IP protocols which it uses

is an American pioneer of computer science notable for his work with the B programming language and his shepherding the UNIX and Plan 9 from Bell Labs operating systems

was an American human-computer interface expert best-known for starting the Macintosh project for Apple Computer in the late 1970s

is principally known for being the Editor of the Request for Comment document series, and for serving as the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority until his death

is a noted software engineer, designer and developer of several operating systems including the RSX-11, VMS and VAXELN systems of Digital Equipment Corporation and Windows NT from Microsoft

was the founder and president of Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) which built the Altair 8800, one of the very first hobbyist personal computers

received the Turing Award in 1996 for seminal work introducing temporal logic into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and systems verification

is best-known for his development of the first multiple-protocol router software during his 20 year tenure at Stanford University's Knowledge Systems Laboratory

is best known as the co-founder with Charles Geschke of Adobe Systems Inc., the graphics and publishing software company

became the first woman in the United States to be awarded a PhD in Computer Science, in 1968 from Stanford University. She has led many significant projects, including the design and implementation of CLU, the first programming language to support data abstraction; Argus, the first high-level language to support implementation of distributed programs; and Thor, an object-oriented database system. With Jeannette Wing, she developed a particular definition of subtyping, commonly known as the Liskov substitution principle

is famous for inventing two data sorting structures: the B-tree with Edward M. McCreight, and later the UB-tree with Volker Markl

received the Turing Award "for fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures"

received the Turing Award in 1988 for the invention of Sketchpad, an early predecessor to the graphical user interface that became ubiquitous in personal computers

invented the TCP protocol, and along with Vinton G. Cerf created the IP protocol, the technologies used to transmit information on the Internet

coined the term "hypertext" in 1963 and published it in 1965. He also is credited with first use of the words hypermedia, transclusion, virtuality, intertwingularity and teledildonics

led development of the original IBM Personal Computer (PC), and thus is known as "father of the IBM PC"

his contributions include the design of Floyd's algorithm, which efficiently finds all shortest paths in a graph, and work on parsing. In one isolated paper he introduced the important concept of error diffusion for rendering images, also called Floyd-Steinberg dithering (though he distinguished dithering from diffusion)

with Juris Hartmanis, received the 1993 ACM Turing Award "in recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory"

is a computer scientist and computational theorist, notable for research in the theory of algorithms, for which he received a Turing Award in 1985

is a leading computer engineer and manager, an early employee of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) who designed several of their PDP machines and later rose to Vice President of Engineering and oversaw the development of the VAX

was the chief designer of the programming languages Euler, Algol W, Pascal, Modula, Modula-2, and Oberon

developed LCF, one of the first tools for automated theorem proving. The language he developed for LCF, ML, was the first language with polymorphic type inference and type-safe exception handling. In a very different area, Milner also developed a theoretical framework for analyzing concurrent systems, the Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS), and its successor, the pi-calculus

is probably best known for the development of Quicksort, the world's most widely used sorting algorithm. He also developed Hoare logic, and the formal language Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) used to specify the interactions of concurrent processes (including the Dining philosophers problem) and the inspiration for the Occam programming language

was the primary architect behind the IEEE 754 standard for floating-point computation (and its radix-independent follow-on, IEEE 854) and developed the Kahan summation algorithm, an important algorithm for minimizing error introduced when adding a sequence of finite precision floating point numbers

his work on automata theory earned him the Turing Award in 1976, while his collaborative work with Christopher Strachey in the 1970s laid the foundations of modern approaches to the semantics of programming languages

her achievements include seminal work in compilers, code optimization, and parallelization

received the Turing award with Dana Scott for their joint paper "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problem," which introduced the idea of nondeterministic machines

is a software engineer and computer scientist, best-known for managing the development of OS/360, then later writing candidly about the process in his seminal book The Mythical Man-Month

is considered to be one of the fathers of Simula and object-oriented programming along with Kristen Nygaard

among his contributions to computer science is the shortest path-algorithm, also known as Dijkstra's algorithm, the THE multiprogramming system, and the semaphore construct, for coordinating multiple processors and programs

with Richard E. Stearns, received the 1993 Turing Award "in recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory"

his last name is the N in the BNF notation (Backus-Naur form), used in the description of the syntax for most programming languages. He contributed to the creation of the ALGOL 60 programming language

is one of the pioneers of artificial intelligence, as well as an inventor of the Logo programming language

is an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of MIT's AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy

was responsible for the coining of the term "Artificial Intelligence" in his 1955 proposal for the 1956 Dartmouth Conference and invented the Lisp programming language

contributed to the Information Processing Language (1956) and two of the earliest AI programs, the Logic Theory Machine (1956) and the General Problem Solver (1957) (with Herbert Simon)

is a prominent computer scientist, notable as a pioneer in the development of time-sharing operating systems

was one of the developers of packet-switched networks along with Donald Davies and Leonard Kleinrock

is acknowledged as the co-inventor of object-oriented programming and the programming language Simula with Ole-Johan Dahl in the 1960s

is best known for co-developing the BASIC programming language in 1964 with Thomas Eugene Kurtz

is best known for inventing the computer mouse (in a joint effort with Bill English); as a pioneer of human-computer interaction whose team developed hypertext, networked computers, and precursors to GUIs

is best known for his legendary Huffman code, a compression scheme for lossless variable length encoding

was a U.S. electrical engineer and supercomputer architect who founded the company Cray Research

together with Klaus Samelson invented the stack machine, a fundamental device for both theory and practice of programming

led the team that invented the first widely used high-level programming language (FORTRAN) and was the inventor of the Backus-Naur form (BNF), the almost universally used notation to define formal language syntax

invented the integrated circuit in 1958 while working at Texas Instruments, as well as the handheld calculator and thermal printer

was awarded the first Turing Award in 1966, according to the citation, for his influence in the area of advanced programming techniques and compiler construction. This is a reference to the work he had done as a member of the team that developed the ALGOL programming language

developed the APL programming language, was honored with the Turing Award in 1979 for his contributions to mathematical notation and programming language theory

helped John Vincent Atanasoff create the first digital electronic computer in 1939, the Atanasoff-Berry Computer

has been called "the father of information theory", and was the founder of practical digital circuit design theory

was among the founding fathers of several of today's most important scientific domains, including Artificial Intelligence, information processing, decision-making, problem-solving, attention economics, organization theory, complex systems, and computer simulation of scientific discovery

was an American mathematician whose work had many implications for computer science and telecommunications. His contributions include the Hamming code (which makes use of a Hamming matrix), the Hamming window (described in section 5.8 of his book Digital Filters), Hamming numbers, Sphere-packing (or hamming bound) and the Hamming distance

developed the concept of microprogramming from the realisation that the Central Processing Unit of a computer could be controlled by a miniature, highly specialised computer program in high-speed ROM

William Hewlett founded HP, the company that grew into the world's largest producer of electronic testing and measurement devices

is often considered to be the father of modern computer science. Turing provided an influential formalisation of the concept of the algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, formulating the now widely accepted "Turing" version of the Church–Turing thesis, namely that any practical computing model has either the equivalent or a subset of the capabilities of a Turing machine. With the Turing test, he made a significant and characteristically provocative contribution to the debate regarding artificial intelligence

was best known for founding the branch of mathematical logic known as recursion theory together with Alonzo Church, Kurt Gödel, Alan Turing, Emil Post, and others; and for inventing regular expressions. By providing methods of determining which problems are solvable, Kleene's work led to the study of which functions are computable

was an Austrian inventor born in Vienna. Among his innovations were printing techniques which later became important in electrical and electronics manufacturing

was one of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I calculator, and she developed the first compiler for a computer programming language

was a Bell Labs researcher known for his 1930s and 1940s work on the realization of Boolean logic digital circuits using electromechanical relays as the switching element

was the inventor of the first automatic electronic digital computer, a special-purpose machine that has come to be called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer

was widely influential within cybernetics, systems theory and complex systems

described a computer architecture in which data and program memory are mapped into the same address space. This architecture became the de facto standard

was a physicist at Bell Labs who, along with John Bardeen and William Shockley invented the transistor

is perhaps best known as the founder of cybernetics, a field that formalizes the notion of feedback and has implications for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, philosophy, and the organization of society

introduced the concept of what he called the memex in the 1930s, a microfilm-based "device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility"

was the president of International Business Machines (IBM), who oversaw that company's growth into an international force from the 1920s to the 1950s

designed three calculating machines: the Direct Multiplier, the Calculating Board and the Arithmographe

was an American statistician who developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards to rapidly tabulate statistics from millions of pieces of data

is mainly known for having written a description of Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the analytical engine

designed and patented the Arithmometer, in 1820. It was the first successful mechanical calculator that could add, subtract, and multiply

improved on the original punched card design of Jacques de Vaucanson's loom of 1745, to invent the Jacquard loom mechanism in 1804-1805

discovered the binary number system, anticipated Lagrangian interpolation, algorithmic information theory, and invented the  calculus ratiocinator as well as a machine that could execute all four arithmetical operations, the Stepped Reckoner

the word algebra is derived from al-jabr, one of the two operations used to solve quadratic equations, as described in his book. The word algorithm stems from algoritmi, the Latinization of his name